Summary:

Digital technologies have fundamentally transformed modern maxillofacial surgery. Virtual surgical planning (VSP), three-dimensional imaging, and patient-specific solutions have become integral components of contemporary diagnostics and treatment workflows. However, current planning concepts remain predominantly static and are largely limited to the visualization of anatomy in three dimensions. Emerging technologies now open the possibility of introducing a “fourth dimension” into surgical planning by integrating dynamic functional data, temporal changes, soft tissue behavior, and artificial intelligence–driven predictive modeling.

This lecture provides a comprehensive introduction to the current state of computer-based surgical planning in maxillofacial surgery. The presentation will outline the essential imaging modalities, software environments, digital workflows, and manufacturing technologies required for modern virtual planning. Particular emphasis will be placed on the interaction between radiological imaging, surface scanning, intraoral scanning, segmentation techniques, CAD/CAM workflows, and point-of-care 3D printing. In addition, commonly used patient-specific tools such as surgical splints, cutting guides, positioning aids, and individualized implants will be discussed.

Beyond the current clinical standard, the lecture will explore emerging developments including dynamic four-dimensional facial analysis, AI-assisted diagnostics, automated segmentation, predictive soft tissue simulation, mixed reality applications, and digital twins. The opportunities and limitations of translating these technologies into routine clinical practice will be critically evaluated. The aim of this presentation is to provide the audience with a broad understanding of the technological foundations, practical workflows, and future perspectives of next-generation virtual surgical planning in maxillofacial surgery.